History article archives

History of Europe

Ancient History of Europe and the Ancient Near East

1. 4th and 3rd millennium in Mesopotamia and Egypt
2. 2nd Millennium BC in the Ancient Near East
3. 1st Millennium BC in the Ancient Near East
4. Archaic Age in the Ancient Greek History

History of the Middle Ages in Europe

1. The crisis of the 3rd century and the collapse of the Roman Empire
2. The conversion of Constantine, the Christian Empire
3. Barbarian invasions in the end of the Roman Empire
4. Expansion of Islam in the Mediterranean (8th — 10th centuries)
5. Peasants, agriculture and food before the Feudal Revolution
6. Charlemagne, Emperor. The Kingdom of the Franks (481-987)
7. The rise of Feudal system in the Middle Ages
8. The origin of the Feudal Monarchies
9. Christianity, a universal institution for the feudal order
10. Medieval cities under feudalism and commercial expansion
11. The Question of Medieval Growth (11th — 13th century)
12. The crisis of the Late Middle Ages
13. The Hundred Years' War (1337 – 1453)
14. Economic and social effects of the crisis of the Late Middle Ages
15. Peasant revolts and urban conflicts in the Late Middle Ages
16. The Western Schism (1378-1417)
17. Bibliography History of Middle Ages of Europe

History of the Early Modern Ages in Europe

1. Early modern Europe: an introduction
2. 16th century economy: the colonial expansion, agriculture and trade
3. Cities and Countryside in 16th century Europe
4. Renaissance and Humanism in Europe
5. The Protestant Reformation and Counter-Reformation
6. Alliance System and military conflicts in Europe (1494-1606)
7. The Iron Age: Baroque economy and society

History of the Late Modern World in Europe (19th and 20th centuries)

1. Europe and the colonial world at the end of the 18th century
2. The Napoleonic era (1799-1815)
3. The Congress of Vienna and the Restoration of the European order
4. Social and economic changes in the 19th century
5. Liberalism and nationalism in the 19th century
6. Liberal Revolutions of 1820, 1830 and 1848
7. The expansion of the great industrial capitalism
8. Bismarck’s Europe and the liberal nation-state
9. Imperialism and colonial expansion in the 19th century
10. World War I (1914-1918)
11. Consequences of the First World War
12. The new territorial map of interwar Europe
13. The Revolution of Russia of February and October 1917
14. November Revolution of 1918 in Germany
15. Interwar Europe in the United Kingdom, France and Germany
16. Fascism's rise to power in Italy
17. Imperial system: the Near East, India, Japan and China
18. Stalinism in the inter-war USSR
19. Nazism: The Rise to Power in Germany
20. The revision of the Treaty of Versailles and the reopening of the war
21. World War II (1939-1945)

History of the Present World (1945-2000)

1. World War II Peace Conferences
2. The ideological, economic and military framework of the Cold War
3. McCarthyism and the Persecution of Inner Enemies in the Cold War
4. The birth of the new Italian Republic
5. The Italian Constitution and the 1948 elections

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History of French

History of the French Revolution

1. The crisis of the French Absolute monarchy of the Old Regime
2. The Estates General of 1789 and the conversion into a National Assembly
3. The Constitutional Monarchy and the Legislative Assembly (1791-1792)

History of French in the 19th and 20th Century

In preparation

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History of Russia

History of the Russian Revolution

In preparation:

1. The Revolution of February 1917

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History of the Americas

History of European colonization of America

In preparation:

1. The voyages of discovery of the Portuguese world
2. Christopher Columbus and the crossing of the Atlantic
3. Spanish Antilles: conquest and occupation (1492-1519)
4. Aztec Empire: conquest of Hernán Cortés (1519-1521)
5. Inca Empire: Pizarro's conquest (1532-1572)
6. Viceroyalty of New Spain: the conquest

History of the United States of America

In preparation:

1. The Thirteen British Colonies before the War of Independence (1764-1774)
2. The Constitution of the United States of America of 1787
3. The United States of America in the 19th century
4. The Age of Fear in the United States of America (1920-1939)

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History of Catalonia

History of Ancient Age in Catalonia

In preparation

History of the Middle Ages in Catalonia

In preparation:

1. Late Antiquity in Catalonia: Visigoths, Muslims and Carolingians
2. The counties in the Spanish Marche
3. The county institution and its territorial projection Economy and pre-feudal society in Catalonia county
4. The role of the Church. The ecclesiastical territorial organization (IX-XI centuries)

History of the Early modern age in Catalonia

In preparation:

1. Catalonia within a Europe of composite monarchies

History of the 19th Century in Catalonia

In preparation:

1. Introduction to the history of Catalonia in the 19th century

History of the 20th Century in Catalonia

In preparation:

1. The Bourbon Restoration in Catalonia (1874-1931)
2. Political Catalanism and working-classism in the 1900s
3. The years of the Commonwealth of Catalonia (1914-1925)
4. The triple political and social crisis of 1917
5. The Dictatorship of Primo de Rivera in Catalonia
6. The fall of Alfonso XIII and the proclamation of the Spanish Republic
7. The Second Republic: the constituent period
8. Second Republic: autonomous Catalonia (1932-1934)
9. The Events of the Sixth of October 1934
10. The coup d'état of 1936 in Catalonia: the days from 18 to 19 July
11. The Civil War in Catalonia: the revolution of 1936
12. The Civil War in Catalonia: the Events of May 1937
13. The Civil War in Catalonia: the Battle of the Ebro and the exile
14. Human and political costs of the Civil War in Catalonia
15. The installation of Francoism in Catalonia
16. Civil and ecclesiastical attitudes during the first Franco regime
17. Francoism in Catalonia: republican exile and opposition in the years 1940-50

History of Catalonia from Ancient age to Present days

In preparation:

1. Catalonia between the Bronze Age and Late Antiquity
2. The formation of the Catalan Counties within the Hispanic Marc
3. Feudal revolution in the Catalan counties (XI-XII centuries)
4. Territorial and economic expansion of the Crown of Aragon
5. The New Plant of 1716: Bourbon Absolutism

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History of Spain

History of Spain from Ancient Ages to Present days

1. From Prehistoric Iberia to Roman Hispania
2. The Middle Ages in the Iberian Peninsula (476 – 1492)
3. The Spanish Monarchy in the Modern Age (1492-1808)
4. From the Old Regime to the Liberal State (1808 - 1868)
5. The Democratic Sexenni and the Bourbon Restoration (1868-1898)
6. Economic and demographic evolution of Spain in the 19th century
7. Spanish society in the 19th century
8. The crisis of the Restoration regime (1898-1931)
9. The Second Republic (1931-1939)
10. The Spanish Civil War (1936 - 1939)
11. The Franco dictatorship (1939-1975)
12. Spanish transition: from dictatorship to democracy

History of the Early modern age in Spain

In preparation:

1. Economic History of Spain in the Modern Age

History of the 19th century in Spain

In preparation:

1. The Spanish Enlightenment of the 18th century
2. The Spanish Independence War (1808–1814)
3. The liberal State: the Liberal Union of Leopoldo O'Donnell
4. The final crisis of the reign of Isabel II. The political opposition
5. The Democratic Sexenni (1868-1874)
6. The First Spanish Republic (1873-1874)
7. The Bourbon Restoration and political corruption
8. Map: Urban distribution of the Spanish population in the 19th century

History of the 20th century in Spain

In preparation:

1. The crisis of 1898. Spain European exception?
2. Economic and social evolution of Spain (1900-1930)
3. The Silver Age in Spanish culture: the Generation of 98, 14 and 27
4. The political system during the reign of Alfonso XIII (1902-1931)
5. Army, public order and violence (1898-1931)
6. Dictatorship of Primo de Rivera (1923-1931)
7. The Spanish Second Republic (1931-1939)
8. Foreign policy during the Restoration and the Second Republic (1898-1936)
9. The Spanish Civil War (1936-1939)
10. Catholic fundamentalist repression during the Franco regime

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Other topics

History of the Working class

In preparation:

• The concept of the working class: a historiographical debate

History of the contemporary political thought

In preparation

Historians and others history authors

In preparation:

1. Joaquim Albareda
2. Josep Fontana

Historical events

1. The Iron Curtain: Winston Churchill's speech at Fulton
2. The Long Telegram of George F. Kennan
3. The Wannsee Conference and the Final Solution
4. Velvet revolution of 1989

History timelines

1. Timeline of the Late Modern Age (1789-1945)
2. Timeline of the world today (1945-2000)

Political, social, economic and military organizations

1. National Socialist Party of German Workers

Spaces of historical interst

1. The Berlin Wall in historical images
2. The TV Tower "Fernsehturm" in Berlin
3. Berlin's Brandenburg Gate
4. Holocaust memorial in Berlin
5. Reichsluftfahrtministerium, Nazi Ministry of Aviation
6. Berlin: The Topography of Terror (Gestapo headquarters)
7. Potsdamer Platz in Berlin
8. Checkpoint Charlie of BerlínBerlin
9. Reichstag, Germany Parliament palace

Maps for the study of the history

1. Urban population in Catalonia in 1900 (map)
2. Map: Population of European cities in the 19th century
3. Map: Urban distribution of the Spanish population in the 19th century

Countries, territories and nations history

1. History of Germany
2. History of the United States of America
3. History of the American continent
4. History of France
5. History of Europe
6. History of Spain
7. History of Catalonia

Cities

1. Reykjavík, the northernmost capital in the world
2. London, the capital of the old British Empire
3. Berlin: history, places of interest and curiosities

Books of history

1. [Book] Capitalism and democracy 1756-1848
2. [Book] Por el bien del Imperio
3. [Book] We, the Catalan communists
4. [Book] A Brief History of the Civil War by Helen Graham
5. [Book] The Soviet Century by Moshe Lewin

Persons

1. Alexander Dubček (1921-1992)
2. Anton Drexler (1884-1942)
3. Winston Churchill (1874 – 1965)
4. Charles Darwin (1809-1882)